Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds

Paul Aduba; Orheruata Arierhire Michael; Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds

Paul Aduba^*

, Orheruata Arierhire Michael, Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 13, Issue 4)

Received: 17 April 2024 Accepted: 3 May 2024 Published: 20 August 2024

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Abstract

Goats play a very vital role in the livestock industry and are the only livestock not forbidden by any religion. Morphometric characterization is very important for the improvement of goat breeds and the proper classification of these animals. A linear measurement was carried out on sixty goats consisting of 20 each Red Sokoto (RS), West African Long logged (WLL), and West African Dwarf WAD) goat. Parameters measures were Withers height (WH), Rump height (RH), Body length (BL), Sternum height (SH), Body depth (BD), Bicostal diameter (BC), Ear length (EL), Rump width (RW), Head width (HW), Rump length (RL), Head length (HL) Heart girth (HG), Cannon bone Circumference (CB), Muzzle diameter (MD). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using R. version 4.0.2. It was observed that WH, RH, BL, SH, BD, BC, EL, RW, HW, RL, HL, HG, CB, and MD, exhibit variations across different age groups. For example, WH increases from 36.89 cm (at 1.00 years) to 63.98 cm (at 4.00 years), indicating a growth in wither height as goats increase in age. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the morphometric parameters across different age groups was observed. The lowest mean weight (11.50±1.1) was recorded in WAD while the highest (24.40±1.24) was recorded in WLL). These variations in weight were significant (p<0.05) across the breeds. Principal Component Analysis shows that four components contributed to 74% of the variation in the goat. The estimation classified the goats as heavy meat type while the Dactyl thorax index classified the WAD and RS as brevigline and the WLL as medigline. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of goat morphology which has practical implications for livestock breeding and management programs. Informed decisions can also be made about breeding strategies, selecting animals specifically, and improving the overall goat population using the information provided in this study.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 13, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
Page(s)	126-131
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Morphometric Characterization, Body Index Score, PCA, Correlation, Goat Breeds

References

[1]	Adamu, H., Ma'aruf, B. S., Shuaibu, A., Umar, H. A. & Maigado, A. I., (2020). Morphometric characteristics of Red Sokoto and Sahel goats in Maigatari Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. 47(4): 15- 23.
[2]	Akounda B, Ouédraogo D, Soudré A, Burger PA, Rosen BD, Van Tassell CP, Sölkner J. (2023) Morphometric Characterization of Local Goat Breeds in Two Agroecological Zones of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Animals. 13(12): 1931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121931
[3]	Bila, L. and Tyasi, T. L., 2022. Multivariate principal component analysis of morphological traits in Ross308 broiler chicken breed. Asian J. Agric. Biol. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2021.03.132
[4]	Birteeb PT, Sunday OP, Michael OO. (2014) Analysis of the body structure of Djallonke sheep using multideterminant approach. Anim Genet Resour. 54: 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2078633614000125
[5]	Boujenane I. (2015) Multivariate characterisation of Oulmes-Zaer and Tidili cattle using the morphological traits. Iran J Appl Anim Sci. 2: 293–9.
[6]	Depison D, Putra WPB, Gushairiyanto G, Alwi Y, Suryani H. (2020) Morphometric characterization of Kacang goats raised in lowland and highland areas of Jambi Province, Indonesia. J Adv Vet Anim Res. 4: 734-743. PMID: 33409320; PMCID: PMC7774786. D https://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2020.g475
[7]	Esquivelzeta C, Fina M, Bach R, Madruga C, Caja G, Casellas J, et al. (2011) Morphological analysis and subpopulation characterization of Ripollesa sheep breed. Anim Genet Resour. 49: 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2078633611000063
[8]	Hankamo, A., Woldeyohannes, T., Banerje, S. (2020) Morphometrical characterization and structural indices of indigenous goats reared in two production systems in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 4 pp. 6-16.
[9]	Khargharia G, Kadirvel G, Kumar S. (2015) Principal component analysis of morphological traits of Assam hill goat in Eastern Himalayan India. J Anim Plant Sci. 25(5): 1251–8.
[10]	Markovic B, Dove P, Markovic M, Radonjic D, Adakalic M, Simčič M, et al. (2019). Differentiation of some Pramenka sheep breeds based on morphometric characteristics. Arch Anim Breed. 2019; 62: 393–402. https://dx.doi.10.5194/aab-62-393-2019
[11]	Rashijane, L. T., Mbazima, V. G. & Tyasi, T. L., (2021). Prediction of body weight from linear body measurement traits of Boer goats raised at farm Tivolie, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 16(4), 278-288.
[12]	Yadav Dinesh Kumar, Verma Naresh Kumar, Dixit Satpal, Aggarwal Rajeev Anand Kuma. (2023) Evaluation of morphometric characteristics of goats by principal component analysis. Indian Journal of Small Ruminant. Vol 29. Issue 2. Pp 198-204.

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APA Style

Aduba, P., Michael, O. A., Etsu, C. E. (2024). Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 13(4), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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ACS Style

Aduba, P.; Michael, O. A.; Etsu, C. E. Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agric. For. Fish. 2024, 13(4), 126-131. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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AMA Style

Aduba P, Michael OA, Etsu CE. Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agric For Fish. 2024;13(4):126-131. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14,
  author = {Paul Aduba and Orheruata Arierhire Michael and Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu},
  title = {Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds
},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {126-131},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20241304.14},
  abstract = {Goats play a very vital role in the livestock industry and are the only livestock not forbidden by any religion. Morphometric characterization is very important for the improvement of goat breeds and the proper classification of these animals. A linear measurement was carried out on sixty goats consisting of 20 each Red Sokoto (RS), West African Long logged (WLL), and West African Dwarf WAD) goat. Parameters measures were Withers height (WH), Rump height (RH), Body length (BL), Sternum height (SH), Body depth (BD), Bicostal diameter (BC), Ear length (EL), Rump width (RW), Head width (HW), Rump length (RL), Head length (HL) Heart girth (HG), Cannon bone Circumference (CB), Muzzle diameter (MD). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using R. version 4.0.2. It was observed that WH, RH, BL, SH, BD, BC, EL, RW, HW, RL, HL, HG, CB, and MD, exhibit variations across different age groups. For example, WH increases from 36.89 cm (at 1.00 years) to 63.98 cm (at 4.00 years), indicating a growth in wither height as goats increase in age. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the morphometric parameters across different age groups was observed. The lowest mean weight (11.50±1.1) was recorded in WAD while the highest (24.40±1.24) was recorded in WLL). These variations in weight were significant (p<0.05) across the breeds. Principal Component Analysis shows that four components contributed to 74% of the variation in the goat. The estimation classified the goats as heavy meat type while the Dactyl thorax index classified the WAD and RS as brevigline and the WLL as medigline. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of goat morphology which has practical implications for livestock breeding and management programs. Informed decisions can also be made about breeding strategies, selecting animals specifically, and improving the overall goat population using the information provided in this study.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds

AU  - Paul Aduba
AU  - Orheruata Arierhire Michael
AU  - Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu
Y1  - 2024/08/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 126
EP  - 131
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
AB  - Goats play a very vital role in the livestock industry and are the only livestock not forbidden by any religion. Morphometric characterization is very important for the improvement of goat breeds and the proper classification of these animals. A linear measurement was carried out on sixty goats consisting of 20 each Red Sokoto (RS), West African Long logged (WLL), and West African Dwarf WAD) goat. Parameters measures were Withers height (WH), Rump height (RH), Body length (BL), Sternum height (SH), Body depth (BD), Bicostal diameter (BC), Ear length (EL), Rump width (RW), Head width (HW), Rump length (RL), Head length (HL) Heart girth (HG), Cannon bone Circumference (CB), Muzzle diameter (MD). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using R. version 4.0.2. It was observed that WH, RH, BL, SH, BD, BC, EL, RW, HW, RL, HL, HG, CB, and MD, exhibit variations across different age groups. For example, WH increases from 36.89 cm (at 1.00 years) to 63.98 cm (at 4.00 years), indicating a growth in wither height as goats increase in age. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the morphometric parameters across different age groups was observed. The lowest mean weight (11.50±1.1) was recorded in WAD while the highest (24.40±1.24) was recorded in WLL). These variations in weight were significant (p<0.05) across the breeds. Principal Component Analysis shows that four components contributed to 74% of the variation in the goat. The estimation classified the goats as heavy meat type while the Dactyl thorax index classified the WAD and RS as brevigline and the WLL as medigline. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of goat morphology which has practical implications for livestock breeding and management programs. Informed decisions can also be made about breeding strategies, selecting animals specifically, and improving the overall goat population using the information provided in this study.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Paul Aduba

Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4875-8464
Orheruata Arierhire Michael

Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

Contact Email
Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu

Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Aduba, P., Michael, O. A., Etsu, C. E. (2024). Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 13(4), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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ACS Style

Aduba, P.; Michael, O. A.; Etsu, C. E. Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agric. For. Fish. 2024, 13(4), 126-131. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

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AMA Style

Aduba P, Michael OA, Etsu CE. Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds. Agric For Fish. 2024;13(4):126-131. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14,
  author = {Paul Aduba and Orheruata Arierhire Michael and Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu},
  title = {Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds
},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {13},
  number = {4},
  pages = {126-131},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20241304.14},
  abstract = {Goats play a very vital role in the livestock industry and are the only livestock not forbidden by any religion. Morphometric characterization is very important for the improvement of goat breeds and the proper classification of these animals. A linear measurement was carried out on sixty goats consisting of 20 each Red Sokoto (RS), West African Long logged (WLL), and West African Dwarf WAD) goat. Parameters measures were Withers height (WH), Rump height (RH), Body length (BL), Sternum height (SH), Body depth (BD), Bicostal diameter (BC), Ear length (EL), Rump width (RW), Head width (HW), Rump length (RL), Head length (HL) Heart girth (HG), Cannon bone Circumference (CB), Muzzle diameter (MD). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using R. version 4.0.2. It was observed that WH, RH, BL, SH, BD, BC, EL, RW, HW, RL, HL, HG, CB, and MD, exhibit variations across different age groups. For example, WH increases from 36.89 cm (at 1.00 years) to 63.98 cm (at 4.00 years), indicating a growth in wither height as goats increase in age. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the morphometric parameters across different age groups was observed. The lowest mean weight (11.50±1.1) was recorded in WAD while the highest (24.40±1.24) was recorded in WLL). These variations in weight were significant (p<0.05) across the breeds. Principal Component Analysis shows that four components contributed to 74% of the variation in the goat. The estimation classified the goats as heavy meat type while the Dactyl thorax index classified the WAD and RS as brevigline and the WLL as medigline. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of goat morphology which has practical implications for livestock breeding and management programs. Informed decisions can also be made about breeding strategies, selecting animals specifically, and improving the overall goat population using the information provided in this study.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Morphometric Characterization and Principal Component Analysis of Different Goats Breeds

AU  - Paul Aduba
AU  - Orheruata Arierhire Michael
AU  - Christiana Eboshogwe Etsu
Y1  - 2024/08/20
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 126
EP  - 131
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241304.14
AB  - Goats play a very vital role in the livestock industry and are the only livestock not forbidden by any religion. Morphometric characterization is very important for the improvement of goat breeds and the proper classification of these animals. A linear measurement was carried out on sixty goats consisting of 20 each Red Sokoto (RS), West African Long logged (WLL), and West African Dwarf WAD) goat. Parameters measures were Withers height (WH), Rump height (RH), Body length (BL), Sternum height (SH), Body depth (BD), Bicostal diameter (BC), Ear length (EL), Rump width (RW), Head width (HW), Rump length (RL), Head length (HL) Heart girth (HG), Cannon bone Circumference (CB), Muzzle diameter (MD). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using R. version 4.0.2. It was observed that WH, RH, BL, SH, BD, BC, EL, RW, HW, RL, HL, HG, CB, and MD, exhibit variations across different age groups. For example, WH increases from 36.89 cm (at 1.00 years) to 63.98 cm (at 4.00 years), indicating a growth in wither height as goats increase in age. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the morphometric parameters across different age groups was observed. The lowest mean weight (11.50±1.1) was recorded in WAD while the highest (24.40±1.24) was recorded in WLL). These variations in weight were significant (p<0.05) across the breeds. Principal Component Analysis shows that four components contributed to 74% of the variation in the goat. The estimation classified the goats as heavy meat type while the Dactyl thorax index classified the WAD and RS as brevigline and the WLL as medigline. This study therefore contributes to a better understanding of goat morphology which has practical implications for livestock breeding and management programs. Informed decisions can also be made about breeding strategies, selecting animals specifically, and improving the overall goat population using the information provided in this study.

VL  - 13
IS  - 4
ER  -

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