Agriculture is the main means of livelihood in Africa. Wheat is one of the globally produced and marketed cereal crops which cover 15% of the total sowing areas of cereal crops in the world. This study focused on the analysis of factors affecting smallholder farmer’s participation in wheat cluster farming in Gasera District of Bale zone. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 259 sample respondents in three selected Kebeles out of 24 total kebeles in the woreda. Primary data sources were generated using an interview schedule, five Focus Group Discussions, and eight key informant interviews. Besides, secondary data were obtained from literature and the Woreda Agricultural Office. Both descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed to analyze the collected data. The descriptive statistics results showed that from the total sampled households, 169 (65.3%) were participant and, 90 (34.7%) were non-participant smallholder farmers of wheat cluster farming technology. According to the probit regression model, education status, wheat land, livestock size, frequency of extension contact, credit access, availability of fair price, market information, agricultural input access, training access and membership in a cooperative had a positive influence on farmers’ decisions to participate in wheat cluster farming. Therefore, the local community, Woreda Agriculture Office and research institutes need to expand cluster farming technology to increase wheat production and policies aiming at increasing farmers’ awareness of producing wheat in cluster to increase yield of farmers.
| Published in | Plant (Volume 12, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12 |
| Page(s) | 88-103 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Gasera Woreda, Cluster Farming, Cluster, Probit Model, Wheat
| [1] | A. T. A., ANNUAL REPORT & ADDIS ABABA, E. 2019. Transforming agriculture in Ethiopia 2016/17 annual report. |
| [2] | ABATE, S. 2021a. IMPACT OF CLUSTER FARMING ON FARMERS PRODUCTIVITY AND COMMERCIALIZATION: THE CASE OF DERA WOREDA. |
| [3] | ABATE, S. 2021b. Impact of Cluster Farming On Farmers Productivity and Commercialization: The Case of Dera Woreda, South Gondar Zone. |
| [4] | AGWU, N. M., NWANKWO, E. E. & ANYANWU, C. I. 2014. Determinants of agricultural labour participation among youths in Abia State, Nigeria. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), 2, 157-164. |
| [5] | AMENTAE, T. K., HAMO, T. K., GEBRESENBET, G. & LJUNGBERG, D. 2017. Exploring wheat value chain focusing on market performance, post-harvest loss, and supply chain management in Ethiopia: The case of Arsi to Finfinnee market chain. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9, 22. |
| [6] | AYENEW, W., LAKEW, T. & KRISTOS, E. H. 2020. Agricultural technology adoption and its impact on smallholder farmers welfare in Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 15, 431-445. |
| [7] | BIFTU, A., FEKADU BEYENE, J. Y. & KETEMA, M. Determinants of women farmers’ participation in seed system: The case of local seed business in Sinana, Agarfa and Dodola Districts of Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Regional Review Workshop on Completed Research Activities, 2017. 1. |
| [8] | DAMOTA, D. D., GELU, D. G. & ORKAIDO, K. 2022. Determinants of smallholder farmers participation on wheat row planting and its impact on wheat yield: The case in Mari Mansa Woreda, Dawuro Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Recent Trends in Data Mining and Business Forecasting, 1-13. |
| [9] | DEBELO, W. B. & ZEWUDIE, Z. 2021. Rural Youth Participation in Major Vegetable Production in Gidda Ayana District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia Rigion, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7, 203. |
| [10] | DUBALE ABATE, F. M. & NEGASH, R. 2021. Commercialization level and determinants of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. |
| [11] | DURETI, G. G., TABE‐OJONG, M. P. J. & OWUSU‐SEKYERE, E. 2023. The new normal? Cluster farming and smallholder commercialization in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics. |
| [12] | ENDALEW, B., AYNALEM, M., ASSEFA, F. & AYALEW, Z. 2020. Determinants of Wheat Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers in Debre Elias Woreda, Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture, 2020, 2195823. |
| [13] | ESMAEL, Y., BEKELE, A. & KETEMA, M. 2016. Determinants of level of smallholder farmers’ participation in potato sales in Kofele District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. J. Agric. Sci. Res, 3, 23-30. |
| [14] | FAO, O. A. 2016. Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: prospects and challenges for the next decade. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, 2025, 1-39. |
| [15] | FAOSTAT, F. 2018. statistical Databases, Fisheries Data, 2001. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. |
| [16] | GEREMEWE, Y. T. 2019. Factors influencing the intensity of market participation among smallholder wheat (Triticum aestivum.) farmers: A case study of Jabi Tehnan District, West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. International Journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food Science (IJHAF), 3, 2456-8635. |
| [17] | GREENE, W. 2004. Convenient estimators for the panel probit model: Further results. Empirical Economics, 29, 21-47. |
| [18] | GUJARATI, D. N. 2022. Basic econometrics, Prentice Hall. |
| [19] | HAILE, F. 2016. Factors affecting women farmers’ participation in agricultural extension services for improving the production in rural district of Dendi West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Culture, Society and Development, 21, 30-41. |
| [20] | HAILU, C. & FANA, C. 2017. Determinants of Input Commercialization as Buyers of Agro-chemicals and improved seed: Evidence from farm households’ of Ambo and Toke Kutaye districts, West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. American Research Journal of Agriculture, 3, 1-14. |
| [21] | HUSSEN, C. H. & GELETA, F. T. 2021. Factors Affecting Smallholder Farmers Participations in Cluster Crop Production: Evidence from Selected Districts of West Shewa Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 37. |
| [22] | KIDANE, H., LEMMA, T. & TESFAY, G. 2018. Determinants of smallholder farmers participation in seed producing cooperatives in Southern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 10, 75-83. |
| [23] | KISS, I. 2011. Significance of wheat production in world economy and position of Hungary in it. APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 5, 115-120. |
| [24] | LOUHICHI, K., TEMURSHO, U., COLEN, L. & Y PALOMA, S. G. 2019. Upscaling the productivity performance of the Agricultural Commercialization Cluster Initiative in Ethiopia. JRC Science for Policy Report, Publications office of the European Union, Luxembourg. |
| [25] | MADDALA, G. S. 1983. Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics, Cambridge university press. |
| [26] | MATHEWOS, T., TEMESGEN, D., HAMZA, D. & FESSEHA, H. 2021. Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Improved Sheep Production: The Case of Doyogena District, Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture, 2021, 1-17. |
| [27] | MATOUŠ, P., TODO, Y. & MOJO, D. 2013. Roles of extension and ethno-religious networks in acceptance of resource-conserving agriculture among Ethiopian farmers. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 11, 301-316. |
| [28] | MINOT, N., WARNER, J., LEMMA, S., KASA, L., GASHAW, A. & RASHID, S. 2019. The wheat supply chain in Ethiopia: Patterns, trends, and policy options. Gates Open Res, 3, 174. |
| [29] | MIRIE, T. & ZEMEDU, L. 2018. Determinants of market participation and intensity of marketed surplus among teff producers in Dera District of South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 10, 359-366. |
| [30] | MULEMA, A. A., JOGO, W., DAMTEW, E., MEKONNEN, K. & THORNE, P. 2019. Women farmers’ participation in the agricultural research process: implications for agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 17, 127-145. |
| [31] | NAJAFI, A. 2014. Wheat production price performance prediction in the Iranian north province. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 9, 74-79. |
| [32] | OECD, F. 2016. Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa: prospects and challenges for the next decade. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook, 2025, 1-39. |
| [33] | RANDELA, R., ALEMU, Z. G. & GROENEWALD, J. A. 2008. Factors enhancing market participation by small-scale cotton farmers. Agrekon, 47, 451-469. |
| [34] | SEBOPETJI, T. O. & BELETE, A. 2009. An application of probit analysis to factors affecting small-scale farmers’ decision to take credit: A case study of the Greater Letaba Local Municipality in South Africa. African journal of agricultural research, 4, 718-723. |
| [35] | SHIFERAW, B., KASSIE, M., JALETA, M. & YIRGA, C. 2014. Adoption of improved wheat varieties and impacts on household food security in Ethiopia. Food policy, 44, 272-284. |
| [36] | TAFFESSE, A. S., DOROSH, P. & GEMESSA, S. A. 2012. Crop production in Ethiopia: Regional patterns and trends. Food and agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and policy challenges, 53-83. |
| [37] | TARIKU AYELE, D. B. T. & ZEMEDU, L. 2018. Analysis of market decisions and intensity of market participation of smallholder wheat farmers in Adola Rede District of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Int J Res Stud Agric Sci, 4, 1-11. |
| [38] | TASSEW ARFICHO, E. 2017. ANALYSIS OF IMPROVED WHEAT SEED MARKETING: THE CASE OF LEMO DISTRICT, HADIYYA ZONE, SOUTHERN NATION NATIONALITIES AND PEOPLES REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA. Haramaya university. |
| [39] | TEFERA, G. N., AREDO, M. K., NEJO, Z. S. & IBRAHIM, K. J. 2023. Impact of Wheat Cluster Farming Practice on Smallholder’s Asset Building in Arsi Zone of Ethiopia. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 8, 1-11. |
| [40] | USMAN, S. 2016. Analysis of wheat value chain: the case of Sinana district, Bale zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Haramaya University. |
| [41] | YAMANE., T., NEW YORK: 1967. Statistics: An introductory analysis,. Harper and Row. |
| [42] | ZEWDU, A. & BEYENE, F. 2018. Factors affecting smallholder farmers participation in degraded forest rehabilitation practices. The case of Gemachis District, West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Journal of agricultural extension and rural development, 10, 234-244. |
| [43] | Gasera Administrative Office 2018, (Unpublished).Gasera,, Ethiopia. |
APA Style
Sultan, O. (2024). Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Wheat Cluster Farming: The Case of Gasera District, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Plant, 12(4), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12
ACS Style
Sultan, O. Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Wheat Cluster Farming: The Case of Gasera District, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Plant. 2024, 12(4), 88-103. doi: 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12,
author = {Obsitu Sultan},
title = {Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Wheat Cluster Farming: The Case of Gasera District, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
},
journal = {Plant},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {88-103},
doi = {10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.plant.20241204.12},
abstract = {Agriculture is the main means of livelihood in Africa. Wheat is one of the globally produced and marketed cereal crops which cover 15% of the total sowing areas of cereal crops in the world. This study focused on the analysis of factors affecting smallholder farmer’s participation in wheat cluster farming in Gasera District of Bale zone. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 259 sample respondents in three selected Kebeles out of 24 total kebeles in the woreda. Primary data sources were generated using an interview schedule, five Focus Group Discussions, and eight key informant interviews. Besides, secondary data were obtained from literature and the Woreda Agricultural Office. Both descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed to analyze the collected data. The descriptive statistics results showed that from the total sampled households, 169 (65.3%) were participant and, 90 (34.7%) were non-participant smallholder farmers of wheat cluster farming technology. According to the probit regression model, education status, wheat land, livestock size, frequency of extension contact, credit access, availability of fair price, market information, agricultural input access, training access and membership in a cooperative had a positive influence on farmers’ decisions to participate in wheat cluster farming. Therefore, the local community, Woreda Agriculture Office and research institutes need to expand cluster farming technology to increase wheat production and policies aiming at increasing farmers’ awareness of producing wheat in cluster to increase yield of farmers.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Wheat Cluster Farming: The Case of Gasera District, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia AU - Obsitu Sultan Y1 - 2024/10/18 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12 DO - 10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12 T2 - Plant JF - Plant JO - Plant SP - 88 EP - 103 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2331-0677 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20241204.12 AB - Agriculture is the main means of livelihood in Africa. Wheat is one of the globally produced and marketed cereal crops which cover 15% of the total sowing areas of cereal crops in the world. This study focused on the analysis of factors affecting smallholder farmer’s participation in wheat cluster farming in Gasera District of Bale zone. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 259 sample respondents in three selected Kebeles out of 24 total kebeles in the woreda. Primary data sources were generated using an interview schedule, five Focus Group Discussions, and eight key informant interviews. Besides, secondary data were obtained from literature and the Woreda Agricultural Office. Both descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed to analyze the collected data. The descriptive statistics results showed that from the total sampled households, 169 (65.3%) were participant and, 90 (34.7%) were non-participant smallholder farmers of wheat cluster farming technology. According to the probit regression model, education status, wheat land, livestock size, frequency of extension contact, credit access, availability of fair price, market information, agricultural input access, training access and membership in a cooperative had a positive influence on farmers’ decisions to participate in wheat cluster farming. Therefore, the local community, Woreda Agriculture Office and research institutes need to expand cluster farming technology to increase wheat production and policies aiming at increasing farmers’ awareness of producing wheat in cluster to increase yield of farmers. VL - 12 IS - 4 ER -
Agricultural Extension and Communication Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet, Ethiopia
